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sevenson.com.au » Flex http://www.sevenson.com.au The online presence of Andrew Sevenson Fri, 06 Aug 2010 12:40:43 +0000 en hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.0 Testing Regular Expressions in ActionScript 3 http://www.sevenson.com.au/actionscript/testing-regular-expressions/ http://www.sevenson.com.au/actionscript/testing-regular-expressions/#comments Sun, 06 Sep 2009 10:21:17 +0000 Andrew Sevenson http://www.sevenson.com.au/?p=368

I’m by no means an expert on Regular Expressions. I mean, I get what they do, and can see their awesomeness, but damn they do my head in sometimes.

To help myself out, I wrote a quick little Flex app that lets you test how a regular expression will work with a particular string. It lets you try out all the Flash Regular Expression methods and see each of the results.

To top it all off, I put together a quick overview of the different Flash Regular Expression methods that are available, as well as a short overview of the Regular Expression syntax.

You can check it all out right here…

Hope that helps you out!

Regular Expression Methods

Here is are the Regular Expression methods that are used in AS3

RegExp.test(string:String):Boolean

Simply tests to see if the pattern is matched anywhere in the string

if ‘g’ flag is set it searches from the .lastIndex, and also sets it after each .test()
if ‘g’ is not set, then the search is always done from the start

Click here for the official documentation

RegExp.exec(string:String):Object

Returns an object with with various properties relating to the pattern. The properties are

[0],[1] etc – Array like access – [pattern, group1, group2]
index – position of the match
input – the string that was tested

If there is no match then this will return null.

if the ‘g’ flag is set, it can be called multiple times
if the ‘g’ flag is not set, it will only return the first match

Click here for the official documentation

String.replace(pattern:RegExp, replacement:String):Boolean

Replaces the pattern in the string with the replacement string.

if ‘g’ flag is set it replaces all matches in the string
if ‘g’ is not set,only the first match is replaced
you can use group references like $1, $2, $`, $&, $’

Click here for the official documentation

String.search(pattern:RegExp):int

Returns the index of where the pattern is found in the string.

returns -1 if there is no match
ignores the ‘g’ flag and ‘.lastIndex’ property

Click here for the official documentation

String.match(pattern:RegExp):Array

Returns an Array populated with values relating to the pattern.

if the ‘g’ flag is not set, the array will be in the form of [fullpattern, group 1, group2]
if the ‘g’ flag is set, the array will contain all the possible full pattern matches – [fullpattern1, fullpattern2]

Click here for the official documentation

Regular Expression Syntax

Here is a quick run-through of the regular expression syntax as a bit of reference.

Constructors

There are two ways to set up a regular expression.

/pattern/flags	Literal: Just type the shorthand method, and bam, regular expression
new RegExp(pattern:String, flags:String)	Constructor: Construct it like any type of object, passing in a string of the pattern and the flags as parameters. Note: If using RegExp then you need to escape sequences – \\d instead of the normal \d

Flags

Flags change the way the regular expression works. They also can effect the results of the regular expression methods in different ways.

^ (caret)	Matches the start of a string If using ‘multiline’ (m) then it will match the start of a line.
$	Matches the end of a string If using multiline (m) then it will match the end of a line.
\	Escapes special characters. \d, \w, \\, etc
. (period)	Matches any single character. If using the ‘dot all’ (s) flag this will match new lines as well.
*	Matches the previous character 0 or more times.
+	Matches the previous character 1 or more times.
?	Matches previous character 0 or 1 time
( )	Groups define a scope of a quantifier (walla){1,2} confine scope of the \| alternator used to define back references
[ ]	Character Classes Defines possible for matches for a single character You can use hyphens to define a range – [A-Za-z0-9] Backslash (\) escapes ] and - ^ in first position negates set note – meta characters are treated as normal characters and need to be escaped to work – [\\d]
\|	Alternation / Logical Or – allows you to test between multiple patters (abc\|xyz) matches abc or xyz /1\|2\|3\|4\|5/ equals [12345]

Meta Characters

Meta Characters are characters that have a special meaning when used inside a Regular Expression pattern.

^ (caret)	Matches the start of a string If using ‘multiline’ (m) then it will match the start of a line.
$	Matches the end of a string If using multiline (m) then it will match the end of a line.
\	Escapes special characters. \d, \w, \\, etc
. (period)	Matches any single character. If using the ‘dot all’ (s) flag this will match new lines as well.
*	Matches the previous character 0 or more times.
+	Matches the previous character 1 or more times.
?	Matches previous character 0 or 1 time
( )	Groups define a scope of a quantifier (walla){1,2} confine scope of the \| alternator used to define back references
[ ]	Character Classes Defines possible for matches for a single character You can use hyphens to define a range – [A-Za-z0-9] Backslash (\) escapes ] and - ^ in first position negates set note – meta characters are treated as normal characters and need to be escaped to work – [\\d]
\|	Alternation / Logical Or – allows you to test between multiple patters (abc\|xyz) matches abc or xyz /1\|2\|3\|4\|5/ equals [12345]

Meta Sequences

Meta Sequences are special string that can be used to represent specific characters in a pattern.

{n} {n,} {n,m}	Numeric quantifier A{27} = A 27 times A{3,} = A 3 or more times A{3,5} = A 3 to 5 times
\b	Matches the position between a word character and a non-word character. If first or last character in the string is a word character, also matches the start/end.
\B	Matches the position between 2 word characters. Also matches the position between 2 non word characters.
\d \D	Decimals Non-decimals
\f \n \r \v	Form feed Newline Return Vertical feed
\s \S	Whitespace – space, tab, newline, return Non-whitespace
\t	Tab character
\w \W	Word character – A-Z, a-z, 0-9,_ Non-word character
\unnnn	Matches unicode nnnn
\xnn	ascii character

Greedy Vs Non-Greedy

Normally quantifiers like * and + are greedy, as in, they will try and match as much as they can. They can be made lazy by adding a ? afterward.

/<p>.*/</p>/	greedy – the * will match as many characters as possible
/<p>.*?/</p>/	lazy – the * will match the least amount of characters

Capturing sub-strings

Sometimes when you are looking for a pattern in a string you need to work with a sub-string. Maybe it is to replace it, or reference it is a new string. Maybe you don’t know what exactly it is you have to match. That’s where this stuff comes in.

\1, \2, etc	Back reference Matches an earlier defined group in the pattern eg: /(\d+)-by-\1/ matches 48-by-48
$1 – $nn	Group references Can be used to reference groups in the String.replace() and RegExp.exec() methods `var str:String = "Hi, Sev"; str = str.replace(/Hi, (w+)/,"$1, hello"); trace(str); // Sev, hello`
$$	Puts a $ in the replacement text (not really a sub-string reference, but sorta matches up with this stuff.)
$&	References the fully matched string
$`	References the string preceding the matched pattern
$’	References the string following the matched pattern
?:	Non-capturing Group Sometimes you don’t want a group to be captured for back references, etc. This is can be done by adding ?: at the start of the group. eg: /(?:group)/
*(?P<name>.):**	Named groups When used in RegExp.exec(), the group will be stored under a property with the ‘name’. Note: this is an AS3 only Regular Expression syntax.

Links

Here are some links to some sites that help with regular expressions.

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